eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. One of the main problem or difficulty in translation- is the use of bilingual dictionaries. What is possible in one language maybe impossible in another because of its difference in semantic structure and its usage? But nonetheless as the book developments, Carl starts to learn initiative and he catches a job at a barge and starts to bring money in. Furthermore, it should be point out major differences in the translation of Salingers use of colloquial and taboo language in the English and Romanian versions, the Romanian version was the farthest because of its abundant use of euphemisms and euphemistic formulations throughout the book. Another important type of translation difficulty that was used by the author in his writing The Catcher in the Rye is abbreviation that is a kind of shortening of the words through cutting one of the part of the word and using the apostroph for joining two words, that is the type which create a lot of problem in the prosses of translation.. Therse exemples of translation difficulties used by the author in his vovel The Catcher in the Ray shows to the reader that the writer tried to combine in his work different features of the period in which he activated that is Modernism and some important features of the previous period which is Realism. Not only poets and writers, but also journalists frequently create unexpected word combination that makes their statements significantly vivid and original. As the book progresses, however, we learn that Holden has built cynical psychological armour around himself to protect himself from the complexities of the world. J. D. Salinger used in his writing a lot of interjections that easily presented the feelings that feel the characters of the novel. Slang- is the use of informal words and expressions that are not considered standard in the speaker's dialect or language. Some topics of The Catcher in the Rye were taboos (like drugs, sex or prostitution). Afterward, he smokes a cigarette in the room just to annoy Stradlater. The theme such as the translation difficulties and lexical peculiarities is actual and well-known today because these are two the most important elements of a lexical-stylistic analysis or important elements of studies in lexicology and in translation studies. Unless the target-language idiom corresponds to the source-language idiom both in form and in meaning, the play on idiom cannot be successfully reproduced in the target text. Some of the major conclusions, differences or main observations between English and Romanian versions could be summarized as follows: The Romanian version uses more diverse ways of rendering Holdens speech habits or linguistic repetitions. Such idioms lend themselves easily to manipulation by speakers and writers who will sometimes play on both their literal and idiomatic meanings. This cognitive approach perfectly applies to the transfer process of ideas from one language to another, which obviously implies a lot more than the simple reproduction model. In the past few decades, this activity has developed because of rising international trade, increased migration, globalization, the recognition of linguistic minorities, and the expansion of the mass media and technology. Out of these words, people. In English language such unexpected word combinations are formed very easily. places where he either grew up or which he knew; his use of well-established symbols throughout his fiction; his unique approach of religious themes and his use of Zen philosophy; his attachment to and protection for his characters. If originally published today, the novel would probably create little publicity and garner only average book sales. In this case, a translator who is not familiar with the idiom in question may easily accept the literal interpretation and miss the play on idiom. When he actually gets to the museum, he decides not to go in; that would require disturbing his fragile imaginative construction by making it encounter the real world. About what did Holden write Stradlater's composition? - Answers Log in here. PhDessay is an educational resource where over 1,000,000 free essays are Retrieved from https://phdessay.com/the-importance-of-stradlaters-composition-in-the-catcher-in-the-rye/, Hire skilled expert and get original paper in 3+ hours, Run a free check or have your essay done for you, Didn`t find the right sample? In this Research Paper we have investigated various translation difficulties of from English into Russian. The wider is the semantic volume of a word, the wider is its combinability, thus due to this feature it can interact with various word forms and word combinations. Holden has isolated himself in an attempt to be his own savior, but Mr. Antolini's image of falling presents a more accurate image of what awaits Holden on the other side of the cliff. It thus reveals the weaknesses of Holden's romantic outlook. Holden's curiosity about where the ducks go during the winter reveals a genuine, more youthful side to his character. Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work. Though he was two years younger than Holden, Holden says that Allie was the most intelligent member of his family. After the excursion, Mal goes off to look for a bridge game, and Ackley sits on Holdens bed squeezing pimples and concocting stories about a girl he claims to have had sex with the summer before. (young-adult literature)", 2007; http://www.ttt.org/theory/difficulties.htlm; Cay Dollerup, Basics of Translation Studies, Institutul Europa; New Dictionary of American Slang, Harper & Row, Publishers 1986, Collins Cobuild English Dictionary, HarperCollins Publishers. Every language worked out its own clichs and some set expressions used by speakers, nevertheless those word expressions are not phraseological units but they possess complete form, which, in comparison with the phraseological units, are never broken by adding some introductory words or substitution of some of its elements. To this group belong international words, some words of human perception, mental activity. Along the way, he remembers in detail his school trips to the museum. Log in here. Holden hates it when people like Stradlater try to pretend the only reason they're bad at English essays is commas, when really they're just not good at, you know, English. All Rights Reserved. However, Holden Caulfield and Asher. Therefore omission and supplementation are frequently combined with other types of grammatical transformations and more frequently with substitution of parts of speech. In the conclusion can be sad that the Romanian version achieved its aim; that of creating a contemporary and updated translation, especially in terms of language and language use. From this type of the translation difficulties used in this novel point out one of the main feature of authors style which is that the message of the novel could be better reproduse and easily understand by the reader. my first topic sentence isabout emotional feelings towards Allie but i don't knw what can i pick for the 2 nd topic sentence. A lot of literary critics saw in this novel an advance of the crazies Sixties, with rebel and revolutionary young people who didnt understand the fabulous society that adults had build. Who is Phoebe? Slangisms are often used in colloquial speech but not all colloquialisms are slangisms. Its possible that Salingers character in this case, Holden- is expressed in his own works: some literary critics insist that the author is very controversial, and his novels are not simple. But the main of them, as it has been mentioned before is the difference in the structure of the English and Romanian languages. Latest answer posted February 26, 2021 at 10:56:04 AM. his brevity, conciseness and concentration of style; his attentiveness to details and to exact dates and facts; his constant reference to parts of the human body; his leitmotif of the letter or note; his constant way of picturing certain female characters painting their nails or toenail or the recurrent motif of a man holding a childs feet; his constant references to colors and the symbolism within colors; his penchant for coining new words or changing different parts of speech into others; his inclination of dealing with psychological problems in his fiction; his tendency to use the pattern of sequencesequence in his characters namesin his themes, etc. What did Holden decide to write about in Stradlater's composition in What happens to Holden after his date with Sally Hayes and his meeting with Carl Luce both end badly? Holden believes childhood is very. Phoniness, for Holden, stands as an emblem of everything that's wrong in the world around him and provides an excuse for him to withdraw into his cynical isolation. The incident involving the composition about Allie's baseball glove and the fight with Stradlater is intended to establish that Holden has a talent for writing--but only when he feels like writing and only when he can choose the topic. Salinger's language, especially his energetic, realistically sparse dialogue, was revolutionary at the time his first stories were published, and was seen by several critics as "the most distinguishing thing" about his work, During the investigation of this paper was identifying that J. D. Salingers style was marked by different themes, techniques that were used for achieving a good work such as J. D. Salingers The Catcher in the Ray., After researching this paper it was established that: Lexical peculiarities - are the stylistic devices used by the author in his work. Why did Holden decide to write Stradlater's composition for - eNotes Holden clearly still feels Allies loss strongly. This is the main cause of the prohibition of this novel in some schools; but in the other side, there are a big number of schools and teachers that recommend this book as an obligatory reading. the English Literature by Stulov Because Holden depends on his isolation to preserve his detachment from the world and to maintain a level of self-protection, he often sabotages his own attempts to end his loneliness. In Salingers Catcher in the Rye, Salinger refers greatly in one chapter to ducks in central park. Already a member? He resents society as he does not seem to be part of it, and looks for sense of real place for him, where he could focus more on his phoniness. Why does Holden tear up the composition? - Short-Question Holden finally gets him to leave by beginning to work on the English assignment for Stradlater. He doesn't say yes directly because he doesn't want to write it for him. .of becoming dangerously convoluted and static, Lodge implicitly challenges critics to revisit and reassess Salingers body of work. This essay was written by a fellow student. Yes, Holden agrees with Stradlater to write composition for him because he decided to make a deal with the society. Stradlater insists, however, that Holden not write it too well, for the teacher knows that Holden is a hot-shot in English. Little things, such as his interest with the ducks in central park and the glass cases in the museum were not just put in to the story to fill pages, it has meaning behind it. The main difficulties involved in translating idioms and fixed expressions may be summarized as follows: Like single words, idioms and fixed expressions may be culture-specific. There are also expressions that are used in American English only, such as most of the slangy utterances mentioned above.[13]. He asked him to write him a descriptive essay. Romanian version imitates indeed the way teenagers speak nowadays and uses more colorful equivalents and expressions than the first version. Mad about Children." in Davis 317), The Catcher in the Rye has been banned continually from schools, libraries, and bookstores due to its profanity, sexual subject matter, and rejection of some traditional American ideals. Holden then tears up the composition in anger, and they get into a fight. The Importance Of Stradlater'S Composition In The Catcher In - Phdessay In The Catcher in the Rye, why does Holden like Mercutio (from Romeo and Juliet) so much? Nevertheless the translators have tried to compensate this loss through distinctive methods. The main strategy used was the practical act of comparing the above-mentioned versions, focusing on the importance of Salingers writing style and use of language (already discussed in the first chapters), on discussing mainly the cases of misunderstandings and mistranslations, of problems of equivalence, of losses and gains, of linguistic untranslatability, of the translators visibility or invisibility in the TT, on accuracy in translation, adaptability, fidelity and faithfulness or infidelityall these cases seconded by examples in point and by my personal suggestions of other possible translations of certain (more challenging) words or passages from Salingers novel. The Catcher in the Rye Jeopardy Template And Stradlater started getting mad and saying "no wonder you're flunking the hell out of here," or "you don't do ne dame thing the way you're supposed to." a. As he demonstrates at the Museum of Natural History, Holden likes the world to be silent and frozen, predictable and unchanging. Finding a good equivalence is an important job which the translator should care about it. How Does Carl Change In A Bridge To Wiseman - 623 Words | Bartleby The conversation succinctly illuminates key aspects of Holden's character. Once the translator has coped with this obstacle, the most frequent translation difficulties are of a semantic and cultural nature: "Linguistic untranslatability" (cognates, i.e. As he says to Mr. Spencer, he feels trapped on the other side of life, and he continually attempts to find his way in a world in which he feels he doesn't belong. "Rather than writing a description of a room or a house, Holden writes a description of his younger brother Allies baseball glove. In conclusion, Salingers characters feel that society is hard and they have to go away. This offends Stradlater, who refuses to answer. This leads to the interpretation that using the same linguistic pattern denotes a more faithful translation. Id just be the catcher in the rye and all(Salinger 98). It's ironic because Stradlater is a good student, and Holden is being kicked out of school for failing. Each symbol has a different effect on Holden Caufields Life, emotions, and actions. cookie policy. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. Genre of The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger: Analysis Stradlater Character Analysis in The Catcher in the Rye | SparkNotes Transposition, thats, change of structure of the sentence may be caused by several reasons. All three of these symbols have great significance in this book. All these meanings of this word could be seen in the third chapter in the example dirty hell in English that is translated into Romanian as ngrozitor de murdare that point out that the author used not only the main meaning of the word in his novel but and the secondary meanings of the word. As a result, he has isolated himself and fears intimacy. He has different perspective to other people, even though he has a. They sought to capture the essence of modern life in the form and content of their work. Holden is an immature boy who in trying to seem older tends to lean more towards phoniness, a quality he despises in others. In the book The Catcher in the Rye, in chapter 20, why does Holden do his "bullet in the guts" number again? If you get on the side where all the hot-shots are, then it's a game, all rightI'll admit that. Allie's glove, with the green writing on it, is symbolic of isolation. It is inseparable from our image of Holden, with good reason: it is a symbol of his uniqueness and individuality. In any language there exists generally accepted tradition of word combinations, which do not coincide with the corresponding tradition of word combinations in the other languages. It is often subsumed under the general umbrella of 'relying on the context to disambiguate meanings', which, among other things, means using our knowledge of collocational patterns to decode the meaning of a word or a stretch of language. Holden annoys Stradlater by writing the composition about a baseball glove rather than about a room or . The real thing, with the curtain of language somehow made transparent. To accomplish this matter we are going to focus our attention on several points that are important elements of the lexical peculiarities and translation difficulties and that reflect in an accurate way the main meanig of the writing and more specifically. In this case it can go unnoticed in everyday conversation, like she attacked my views. Salingers works start out in bad situations. Quotation). The Ducks vanish every winter, but they return every spring. New York Times Book Review 15 July 1951, 5. How did Holden know Stradlater's date, Jane Gallagher? . Of the writers in Salinger's generation, Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist John Updike attested that "the short stories of J. D. Salinger really opened my eyes as to how you can weave fiction out of a set of events that seem almost unconnected, or very lightly connected. Yates describes Salinger as "a man who used language as if it were pure energy beautifully controlled, and who knew exactly what he was doing in every silence as well as in every word." Attempting to remedy this, Bethany K. Dumas and Jonathan Lighter argue that an expression should be considered "true slang" if it meets at least two of the following criteria: Throughout the novel, it becomes increasingly clear that Allies death was one of the most traumatic experiences of Holdens life and may play a major role in his current psychological breakdown. . support@phdessay.com. In this case, the provided solutions are not the explanation of the sense of phraseologisms that, in the compilers intentions, should serve to translate them into the other language. equivalence of form and shape. This is what Newmark calls "service translation.". This has been mainly achieved by the careful and analytical comparison of some identical passages from the ST with its translations. Allie's Baseball Mitt - eNotes.com Who is Selma Thurmer, and why did Holden like her? Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. Why wouldn't Holden be back to Pencey after Christmas vacation? I was wondering where the ducks went when the lagoon got all icy and frozen over. similarities between behaviorism and social cognitive theory; . This shift is central to Modernism. The popularity of the novel and debate over its redeeming social value have never faltered since its initial publication, due in no large part to the fact that J.D. By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy. Latest answer posted April 14, 2021 at 10:45:43 AM. It gets great importance while making translation to add or omit some words since the structures of languages are quite different. Intra-lingual translation or rewording (an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs in the same language). While the young protagonists of Salinger's stories (such as Holden Caulfield) have made him a longtime favorite of high school and university audiences, establishing Salinger as "the spokesman for the goals and values for a generation of youth during the 1950's" (qtd. This type contain two subtypes and one of these subtypes is Interjections and Exclamatory words which are words that that we use when we express our feelings strongly and which may be said to exist in language as conventional symbols of human emotions. The Romanian translation is obviously courageous in the choice of words, modem in the choice of vocabulary and linguistic register. How Holden Mature In Catcher In The Rye - 731 Words | Cram He does not connect with the people around him, but dwells on people who are memories, like Allie and Jane Gallagher. Nobodyd move. Both physical and emotional relationships offer Holden opportunity to break out of his isolated shell. The consequent need for a unifying function brought about a growth in the political importance of culture. In Salingers Catcher in the Rye Holden Caulfields entire plot deals with him trying to isolate from society. Observe the cat is scratching right now." The hat is outlandish, and it shows that Holden desires to be different from everyone around him. (Chapter 16, page 121) Holden also mentions that he is troubled by the fact that he has changed every time he returns to them. A major theme and also strong influence concerns the war and the army life present throughout his short stories, especially during and after his participation in the Second World War. This may be intended to explain why he doesn't write about his adventures and misadventures in New York until some time after these events have occurred. Critics have argued the moral issues raised by the book and the context in which it is presented. Catcher in the Rye Chapters 1-12 | Literature Quiz - Quizizz One example of those symbols is that Holden changed his personality when he was at the fountain in Central Park: he became a new person when he was near the water. Salinger is not only a deeply national, original writer but also a modern writer. Few linguists have endeavored to clearly define what constitutes slang. Sometimes in translation, the translator will face some problems related to the equivalences of source and target languages. What is the setting for The Catcher in the Rye? "Anyway, that's what I wrote Stradlater's composition about. Please wait while we process your payment. This difference of word combinability in various languages is very important; therefore some types of combinability are easily accepted in one of language and are completely unacceptable in other languages. The Modernists constructed their works out of fragments, omitting the exposition, transitions, resolutions, and explanations used in traditional literature., Many scientists investigated J. D. Salingers novel The Catcher in the Ray expressed their points of view such as: In 1961, the critic Alfred Kazin explained that Salinger's choice of teenagers as a subject matter was one reason for his appeal to young readers, but another was "a consciousness [among youths] that he speaks for them and virtually to them, in a language that is peculiarly honest and their own, with a vision of things that capture their most secret judgments of the world." What is Holden's view of women and girls in The Catcher in the Rye? Subscribe now. In other words, in ellipsis an item is replaced by nothing. This study on lexical pecularities and translation difficulties in a literary work are addressed to everybody but especially to pupils and students, also and the practical value of this research is that these features of an analyses is better understood and used by students and by everybody who is interested in, it facilitate the possibility of using and practice it day by day in the research and make it more expressive and colorful. He had been given an early acceptance to college and was starting the next semester. This is the cause of much difficulty inthinking criticallyaboutclaims. He is frightened because he is guilty of the sins he criticizes in others, and because he can't understand everything around him. J. D. Salinger also uses another comparison with the worst place that could exist as hell because the author pointed out through the comparison like sad as hell (J.D.Salinger:13) that he used this word also with another meaning like that the person that made the worst thing in this life because through this words the author showed to the reader that Holdens feelings were compared with a hell. Metaphor is inherent in language. What does Holden write Stradlater's composition about why is the object he writes about important to him what eventually happens to the essay Why? It occurs in Chapter 22, after Holden has slipped quietly back into his apartment and is speaking with Phoebe. By throwing a tantrum. J. D. Salinger used a lot of stylistic device which made the content of the novel more exiting. The lexical translation consists in expliciting through other words the denotative meaning of the phraseologism, giving up all the other style and connotation aspects. The museum represents the world Holden wishes he could live in: it's the world of his catcher in the rye fantasy, a world where nothing ever changes, where everything is simple, understandable, and infinite. It is clear inthe early chapters, that Holden does not have any real friendsat Pency Prep. Holden was very fond of his brother and discusses his reaction to Allies death. the absence of the categories in one of the comparing languages; Even assuming monolingual disambiguation . It first appears in Chapter 16, when a kid Holden admires for walking in the street rather than on the sidewalk is singing the Robert Burns song Comin' Thro' the Rye. In Chapter 22, when Phoebe asks Holden what he wants to do with his life, he replies with his image, from the song, of a catcher in the rye. Holden imagines a field of rye perched high on a cliff, full of children romping and playing. The Modernist period is a time of the late XIXth and XXth centuries that was marked by the work of the great writer that activated during this period. SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. Salinger. Nobodyd be different. Finally, idioms cannot be syntactically modified. In this case, the provided solutions are not the explanation of the sense of phraseologisms that, in the compilers intentions, should serve to translate them into the other language. Drugs, used so as to be inconspicuous, but euphemistic. The writings of the Salinger become very important for this time period, because he goes against the grain of society to show how it is wrong. Accessed 4 Mar. In its broad meaning, the term impliestransmutationand can be illustrated by decoding some ideas and themes expressed, for example, in a poem through the language of music or dance. His last published work, a novella entitled "Hapworth 16, 1924," appeared in The New Yorker on June19, 1965. Moreover, the characters created by Salinger used to have some obstacles to fins their own happiness; but, suddenly, it appears the religion as a solution, as a way of liberation: it supposes the end of the suffering for each character. In recent years, Salinger's later work has been defended by some critics; in 2001, Janet Malcolm wrote in The New York Review of Books that "Zooey" "is arguably Salinger's masterpiece. Rereading it and its companion piece "Franny" is no less rewarding than rereading The Great Gatsby". Recurring themes in Salinger's stories also connect to the ideas of innocence and adolescence, including the "corrupting influence of Hollywood and the world at large", the absence of connects between teenagers and "phony" adults, and the perceptive, precocious intelligence of children. Does Mr. Antolini really make a pass at Holden? By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. Salinger uses religion in his works to comfort them so that they can proceed on their quest to achieve happiness. (Chapter 7, pg. Symbols are objects, characters, figures, or colors used to represent abstract ideas or concepts. If we talk about the language at Catcher in the Rye, we can say that the author uses a simple writing, with several interjections and qualifier adjectives; the tone of this novel is colloquial and full of teenagers expressions (it is written in a monologue and in lively slang; its also important the chronolect). It should be discussed cases of linguistic inconsistency in the Romanian version, such as the rendition of intonational stress. Perhaps Holden interacts with it with the innocence and the purity he believes with these characters represents and wears it as a way to connect to them. In this chapter it would be tried to focus on drawing a link between some general translation theories and the analysis of Romanian versions of Salingers novel, considering the general overview in this chapter a link or a starting point for the case study in the last chapter. The scientists identify the next types of translation difficulties and these types are: The first step towards an examination of the process of translation must be to accept that although translation has a central core of linguistic activity, it belongs most properly to semiotics, the science that studies sign systems or structures, sign processes and sign functions (Hawkes, Structuralism and Semiotics, London, 1977). The Life Song But Holden cannot think of anything to say about a house or a room, so he writes about a baseball glove that his brother Allie used to copy poems onto in green ink.