Since the launch of the Bundesliga on 24 August 1963 fifty-five clubs have played in the league ranks. [5] The only surviving club rules forbade tripping, but allowed pushing and holding and the picking up of the ball. In 1898 BFC Germania 1888 became the first football club to form a youth department. Gallen.[51]. Lima CFC. The Arizona Cardinals, formed in Chicago in 1898, are the oldest team in the National Football League. [citation needed], In Japan, the oldest rugby (1866) and association football club (1886) is Yokohama Country & Athletic Club. Supported by the Guinness Book of Records, and founded by staff at Guy's Hospital in London in 1843, the Guy's, Kings and St Thomas' RFC would be the oldest "football" club of any code. The HRK has won 14 national titles 1927, 1928, 1971, 1973, 1976, 1986, 2010-2015, 2017 and 2018. . The club's success has been controversial. In 1908, a cup competition named Kronprinzenpokal for the regional representative XIs was started, the trophy having been donated by Crown Prince Wilhelm of Prussia. El Federal C, el increble campeonato de ftbol argentino con 266 equipos! To join a DFB club, a player required recommendations from two non-Marxists to be permitted to play. The first Bundesliga games were played on 24 August 1963. Sheffield FC and Hallam FC first clashed on 26 December 1860 with the match played . Football was re-organised into sixteen Gaue (DRL sub-divisions) in the Gauliga, which was in place from 1933 to 1945. The honour of being the country's first organised association football club is likely to belong to Auckland's North Shore United, which was founded as North Shore in 1886. 69 TruthPreveals 1 yr. ago It should be FC Smyrna 60 SydneyGun 1 yr. ago Thanks 8 Smyrne-Crete-8254 1 yr. ago Well, isn't Greeces oldest team was found in Smyrne as well? Although the Second Bundesliga is now second in attendance to England's Football League Championship among second-level professional sports leagues, it still draws more spectators per game than the top leagues in such established footballing nations as Turkey, Russia, and Portugal. Is there a football team in Berlin? The club currently play at the Coach and Horses Ground which has a seating capacity of just over 2000 people. While the international governing body of association football, FIFA and the FA recognise Sheffield F.C. In 1998, 1. National team Appearances. Attendance rose steadily after the end of the bribery scandal, putting some teams on solid enough financial footings to be able to attract the first foreign stars to the league in the 197778 season. Born out . Cray Wanderers 1860. Cray Wanderers FC. The Melbourne Football Club was officially founded the following year on 14 May, and three days later (17 May), four members codified the first laws of Australian rules football. The French football club became a significant force in the domestic scene in 2002, starting a national record-setting streak of seven successive titles. Hamburg lost (24) through penalties and a red-card charged to the side and was eliminated from the lucrative competition. Oldest football clubs - WikiMili, The Free Encyclopedia - WikiMili, The Free Encyclopedia was not the first Italian football club, being Torino Football & Cricket Club (1887)[44] but its history lasted only for 4 years. The reach of Germany's totalitarian Nazi regime stretched into social institutions at all levels, including their football leagues. Founder members of both the Football League and the Premier League. [61] It is however believed that the club was founded in 1831, with existing documentary evidence about a cricket match played by Buenos Aires that same year. Disagreement over whether or not to allow foreign players to participate in the championship rounds and how to manage the transfer of players between teams led to the collapse of the BDF and the formation of the DFuCB (Deutschen Fuball- und Cricket Bund or German Football and Cricket Federation) in 1891. Although the exact date of foundation is still unclear, Essendon thought to have formed in 1872 at the home of Robert McCracken, Joined the Northern Rugby Football Union came in 1897, Formed as Heaton Norris Rovers changing name to Stockport County FC in 1890. Most sports and football associations were disbanded or replaced by Nazi-sponsored organisations. 3. Each club would participate in, and field teams from, one or more sports, depending on local interest and resources. The oldest football clubs in Spain are Recreativo de Huelva and Sevilla Ftbol Club. Neu-Tempelhof was allowed to rename itself later to BFC Germania 1888, and the club kept that name since. Notts County - 1862 Although it fails to top this list, Notts County holds the title of being the oldest professional football club in the world. The league signed its first rich television contract and German re-unification and the subsequent merger of the football leagues of East and West Germany was on the horizon. The first recognised national championship team was VfB Leipzig, who beat DFC Prague 7-2 in a game played in Altona on 31 May 1903. Less than three weeks later, Germany surrendered unconditionally. were formed in 1860 but their history goes further back to 1804 when the cricket club Hallam C.C. Kingdom of Iraq under British Administration, Associazione Sportiva Dilettantistica Fanfulla, Guy's, Kings and St Thomas' Rugby Football Club, Northern Premier League Division One South, Sydney University Australian National Football Club, Barossa Light & Gawler Football Association, Surrey Elite Intermediate Football League, Southern Football League Division One Central, Sheffield & Hallamshire County Senior League, "The Foot-Ball Club in Edinburgh, 18241841 The National Archives of Scotland", "GKT Gazette March 2004 A history of rugby", "Cliftonville Football Club Club History", "My assumptions about 'oldest' were confounded by Barnes", "Oldest club in the world" inducted into the Football Hall of Fame, "Cambridge University Newsletter July/August 2006", "Cambridge the birthplace of football?! Stock photos, 360 images, vectors and videos. The best German players were regularly lured south to play in Serie A by cash-rich Italian clubs. Bundesliga title the previous year. [citation needed], Christchurch Football Club, established in 1863, is the oldest football club of any code in New Zealand. HNK Segesta, that plays in the third division, was possibly founded in 1906, but its first recorded match was held in 1909. The oldest surviving rugby football club is Heidelberger RK, which was founded on 9 May 1872 as a rowing and rugby club. . The German Cup competition introduced prior to the war also returned, with Rot-Weiss Essen's 21 victory over Alemannia Aachen in 1953. the Kreisliga is not established in all areas of the country, e.g. The oldest football clubs trace their origins to the mid-19th century, a period when football evolved from being a casual pastime to an organised mainstream sport. Local sports associations or clubs are a longtime feature of the culture of German athletics. It is the oldest club in Tunisia. The club had over 70 members by then, primarily Englishmen working in Dresden, with its matches being attended by hundreds of spectators. Another Sheffield club, Hallam F.C. RB Leipzig was founded by initiative of drink company Red Bull GmbH, whose involvement in the club has sparked new discussions about commercialism in professional football. All of these clubs are from Kolkata. Official university publications have claimed that the club was formed in 1856, being also recognised as such by. The only other former East German sides to earn promotion to the Bundesliga to date are FC Energie Cottbus, VfB Leipzig, and RB Leipzig while a half dozen others of these clubs have played in 2. [citation needed], CDJ Oran was founded in 1894. Stoke City FC - 1863. The politics of the Cold War era led to a space being held open for a Berlin side to replace Hertha in a show of solidarity with the former capital city. [27] Football is documented as being played on the original club ground, Parkers Piece, as early as 1838. However, within a year, sports-only organizations without political affiliation were permitted, and in the American, British and French occupation zones, most pre-war clubs were reconstituted. In spite of the formation of a national association, German football held to an ideal of amateurism built around regional and local sports associations who felt that professionalism would diminish sportsmanship and local participation in the game. [citation needed]. After a decrease in 200607 and a slight recovery in 200708, new records were set in 200809, with 12.82 million total attendance and a per-game average of 41,904. The nascent German association permitted teams from outside the country in their new championship, as long as they were members of one of its regional associations. The first football club established in England was Sheffield Football Club in 1857, with the club recognised by the world governing body FIFA as the world's oldest existing club still playing football. Berliner Fuball Club Germania 1888 e.V. However, Genoa C.F.C. Standard Athletic Club won the first title. On 28 January 1900, a national association, the Deutscher Fussball-Bund (DFB) was founded in Leipzig with 86 member clubs. Their rivals to the east, the Toronto Argonauts, were founded four years later in 1873 and have a mostly unchanged franchise history. [52][53], In terms of gridiron football the Hamilton Tiger-Cats of the Canadian Football League can trace their roots back to the Hamilton Football Club (nicknamed the Tigers) which formed in 1869, then later merged with the Hamilton Wildcats in 1950 to form the current franchise. [73][74], In Uruguay, the Montevideo Cricket Club, established in 1861, has however been ranked as the oldest rugby union club outside Europe by the World Rugby Museum of Twickenham,[75][76] although the first certain rugby match played by MVCC was in 1875.[77][78][79]. [10], A club for playing "cricket, quoits and football" was established in Newcastle on Tyne in or before 1848. The club remains the most successful club in terms of trophies in Swiss football history. The identity of the oldest football clubs in the world, or even in a particular country, is often disputed or claimed by several clubs, across several codes of football. "Kicker Sonderheft". Answer (1 of 7): So in date order of Club being formed: Fulham - 1879 Tottenham - 1882 QPR - 1882 Millwall - 1885 Those who shall not be named - 1886 Leyton Orient - 1888 Brentford - 1889 Wet Spam - 1900 Charlton - 1905 Chelski - 1905 Crystal Palace - 1905 AFC Wimbledon - 2002 The game played by the club, known as the "Boston game", was an informal local variant that predated the codification of rules for association or American football. Notts County - 1862. However, as in the previous two seasons, none will be in the First Bundesliga. It has since been returned to the DFB. the Bezirksoberliga is not established in all areas of the country, e.g. The scandal caused a disastrous loss of confidence in the Bundesliga and game attendance plummeted. The original twelve football clubs forming "The Football League" were Wolverhampton Wanderers, West Bromwich Albion, Stoke City, Notts County, Derby County, Aston Villa, Preston North End, Everton, Burnley, Bolton Wanderers, Blackburn Rovers, and Accrington.. Founded on 15 April 1888, it is the oldest active football club in the country. It's a story well known in Huelva and one that has put the small port . Meanwhile, after 55 seasons, Hamburger SV was relegated from the Bundesliga to the 2. Available for both RF and RM licensing. [25] For example,: "Salopians formed a club of their own in the late 1830s/early 1840s but that was presumably absorbed by the Cambridge University Football Club that they were so influential in creating in 1846". German Crown Prince Wilhelm saw his first football match on 30 April 1905, a contest which pitted BFC Germania 1888 against the well-known English amateur side Civil Service London. [29] Six of the 18 founding members later adopted rugby exclusively. In 1858, in Melbourne, Victoria, members of the Melbourne Cricket Club formed a loosely organised football team, and played against other local football enthusiasts over the winter and spring of that year. The league fielded 14 teams with 2 relegation spots. The oldest football club in Montenegro is FK Loven founded in the town of Cetinje in 1913. From Europe, South America and even Australia, some of the oldest clubs in the world lie buried beneath the glitz and glamour of a football leagues dominated by exorbitant transfer fees. Bundesliga. However, the organization had to face up to the reality of there not being enough suitable facilities in the old DDR not limited to stadiums, but including hotels, restaurants and other visitor needs, and transportation infrastructure, with the result that the east finds itself underrepresented. Moreover, Notts County presently competes in the National League. Ilirija is nowadays considered by the Slovenian FA as the oldest running football club in the country, because the Lendava-based club went bankrupt in 2012, although it got recreated right away.[50]. [39], Kjbenhavns Boldklub is the oldest football club in Denmark and the oldest active club in continental Europe. In preparations for the 2006 World Cup, the DFB attempted to fairly balance the number of venues between the eastern and western halves of the country. ", "En kort version af vores klubs historie", "Avec Louvel, "Le Havre est devenu un club de Ligue 2" selon les supporters", Koninklijke UD Deventer: al 141 jaar een rijke clubhistorie, "Kto starszy Cracovia czy Wisa? "The Abseits Guide to German Soccer". Top drawing clubs based on average attendance included: Borussia Dortmund 72,850; FC Bayern Munich 67,214; FC Schalke 04 61,177; and Hamburger SV 53,298. as the "world's oldest football club",[21] and the club joined the FA in 1863, it continued to use the Sheffield rules. In 1919, there were 150,000 registered football players in Germany; by 1932, there were more than a million. The Bundesliga was dominated by two sides through the 1970s. 4. It is the oldest club in Algeria and Maghreb. The oldest club in Kosovo is FC Prishtina, founded in 1922. The only survivor among the FA's founding clubs still playing association football is Civil Service F.C. Arminia Bielefeld, identified as the club central to the scandal, was stripped of all points they had earned during the 197172 season and then relegated to the league below. They won that division handily but were denied promotion to the First Division. These two teams continued to make appearances in the Bundesliga through the 1990s. You can't invest in all football clubs - only those that are public limited companies (PLCs) are available on the stock market for you to buy shares in. The oldest football clubs trace their origins to the mid-19th century, a period when football evolved from being a casual pastime to an organised mainstream sport. [70] After football retired from competitions in 1912, rugby union became the main sport of SPAC. DUFC plays to the rugby union rules. The Bundesliga returned to an 18 team slate in the following season with Dresden managing to stick in the top league, while Rostock was relegated. was created. The pre-war period saw a number of German sides from Saarland, Danzig and the Memel Region playing in German league and cup competitions even though the Versailles Treaty had handed those regions over to the League of Nations after the end of World War I; football-wise, they had remained within the DFB (or DRL, respectively). By 198586 that figure bottomed out at just 17,600 spectators per game. Joshua Barrie, "London's oldest football club, Cray Wanderers, could soon have a new home", Calcutta: The Hub of Asian Football over the years, "Balochistan United look to transform women's football in Pakistan", "First Vienna FC: Austria's Oldest Football Club Still Attracts Fans Today", "Document on display at the home of the Hunter-Blair family, Blairquhan, Ayrshire Scotland c1990", "Najznaajniji uspjesi klubova i sportaa grada Rijeke", "Jutarnji list - Znate li koji je najstariji hrvatski nogometni klub? Founded on 23 December 1889, Recreativo de Huelva is the oldest football club in Spain. The unexpected victory was called "The Miracle of Bern" by a delighted nation. The new German professional league was modelled on the long-established English league, which had been set up in 1888. Which makes it Turkeys oldest team as well 6 juanchogreat 1 yr. ago Lima CFC 1859. Enthusiasm for the sport was restored by host West Germany's win in the 1974 World Cup and the first wins by Bundesliga sides in the European Champions Cup (a triple by Bayern Munich in 1974, 1975 and 1976) and the UEFA Cup (Borussia Mnchengladbach in 1975). The club was founded in 1874, making it one of the oldest soccer clubs in England. [citation needed], Lima Cricket and Football Club claims to be the oldest football-practising club in Peru and the Americas, having been founded in 1859 by the city's British community. Savages FC was the oldest club in Africa, founded on 26 August 1882. But by the end of the decade the stage was set for some fundamental changes to the Bundesliga. BFC Germania's tradition was continued initially by the newly created SG Neu-Tempelhof. In 2001 they competed in the Berzirksliga Berlin (VII) and over the course of the following two seasons advanced to the Verbandsliga Berlin (V) where they spent the next three seasons. Rugby clubs also referred to themselves, or continue to refer to themselves, as simply a "football club", or as a "rugby football club". Bundesliga for the first time in the club's history. [71], So Paulo Railway Company and So Paulo Gaz Company, both established in 1895 (and then defunct) played the first football match in Brazil that same year. This club saw several successive promotions in a short period of time and gained promotion to the Bundesliga for the 201617 season. The original sixteen Gauligen broke up into over thirty smaller, more local circuits. No trophies won since 1987, but that doesn't bother many Hamburg fans. Both clubs began as rugby football clubs and only later adapted to the gridiron-style of play which would become known as Canadian football. The DFL, while remaining subordinate to the DFB, manages Germany's professional leagues and is responsible for the issuing of licences to clubs, general fiscal oversight of the Bundesligen, and marketing rights for the two upper leagues. The first recognised national championship team was VfB Leipzig, who beat DFC Prague 72 in a game played in Altona on 31 May 1903. Although football variants have been played in North America since the 1820s, the claim of oldest continuous football club in North America is still a matter of debate. In the confusion at the end of World War II, the trophy disappeared. Since 2010 Germania has played in the Kreisliga Berlin B (X). Of the 36 clubs in the top two levels of the league system in the 201112 season, five are from the former East Germany, an increase of two from 201011. [citation needed], The first association football in Germany (and likely the first outside Great Britain) was Dresden English, founded on 18 March 1874. The Football Association of England (FA) and FIFA both acknowledge the club as the oldest known football club. Bundesliga since being promoted as champions of the inaugural season of the 3. [citation needed], Accra Hearts Of Oaks was founded in 1911. 1. This was on one hand due to the success of the Germany national football team (third World Cup title in 1990 and third European Championships title in 1996). [47], In Portugal, Acadmica de Coimbra is the oldest active football club, founded on 3 November 1887. Sheffield FC and Hallam FC, the world's oldest football clubs, have played each other in a match celebrating the 153rd derby between the two teams. Aston Villa is one of the Football League (1888) and Premier League (1992). This team makes use of the Scottish national stadium, Hampden, which it has considered as its own since the 19th century. This is a claim FIFA themselves recognise and it is why football's governing body presented the club with an Order of Merit in 2004. BFC Germania 1888 has a rich sporting heritage and played an important role in the early development of football in Germany. Known initially as the Tschammerpokal, after Hans von Tschammer, the first cup winner was 1. Consequently, school and university football teams were seldom referred to as "clubs". This changed with the formation of the Deutsche Fuball-Liga (DFL or German Football League) when the Bundesligen came under the auspices of this new body. The club was founded by English immigrants in 1859. [3] Other early sporting bodies dedicated to playing football include "The Gymnastic Society" of London which met regularly during the second half of the eighteenth century to pursue two sports: football and wrestling. The German Cup was introduced in 1935. It was admitted to the new circuit a year later in 1892. The oldest still active football club is the First Vienna Football Club founded on the 22nd of August 1894. Its home kits are white shirts and blue shorts. The overall effect of this was positive for German football. FC Tatran Preov, founded in 1898, that after many name changes plays in the Slovakian second league. The identity of the first or oldest football clubs in the world, or even in a particular country, is often disputed or claimed by several clubs, across several codes of football. Conversely, however, the oldest still-existing "football club" with a well-documented, continuous history is Dublin University Football Club, a rugby union club founded in 1854 at Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland. [19] In 2021, people with heritage and local enthusiasts revived the old Barnes Football Club, established in 1862. The Bundesliga also began to take a more deliberate approach to marketing and promoting itself and its member clubs, following the example of other more widely recognized European leagues. From the start, the DFB was - and still is - a federation of regional associations. Setting its birth date in 1856, Cambridge University A.F.C. The football contests take place in the Bois de Boulogne, by permission of the authorities and surprise the French amazingly".[42]. [citation needed], Moghreb Ttouan was founded in 1922. The oldest continuous rugby club in North America which still plays rugby is the McGill University Rugby Football Club which was established in 1863, although their first recorded game was not until 1865. The now EFL Championship side were originally called Stoke Ramblers until the club underwent a merger to be renamed Stoke in 1878. BFC Germania 1888 was part of the country's first football league, the BDF (Bund Deutscher Fuballspieler or Federation of German Football Players) which was formed in November 1890 and was active until February 1892. The 194344 championship was initially cancelled but eventually went ahead after widespread protest. Bundesliga saw an enormous increase in popularity in 200607, drawing about 4.67 million spectators for an average of 15,253. The German domestic game became a graceless, rough-edged, brute physical contest devoid of the kinds of star players fans had enjoyed watching in earlier decades. This allowed a player to pick up the ball and run with it if he were chased and it quickly spread, with innovations added by Yale University student Walter Camp. The Milwaukee Wave of the American Indoor Soccer Association, a professional indoor soccer team based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, was founded in 1984, and is the oldest continuously operating professional soccer team of any kind in the United States. Essam El-Hadary (January 15, 1973 - Present) Oldest Age While Playing: 47 years, 10 months, 3 days on November 18, 2020 Country of Origin: Egypt Last Team: None at the moment Years Played: 1993 - 2020 (27 years) Position: Goalkeeper photo source: Wikimedia Commons via ' s biggest . Liga, was launched, slotting between the 2. BFC Germania 1888 continued to play on the local amateur circuit. According to U.S. Soccer, the rules of this game resembled rugby and association football more closely than gridiron football. Sheffield F.C. The Viktoria was originally intended to be awarded, on an annual alternating basis, to the championship teams of the DFB and the nation's rugby union teams; however, football became the more dominant sport, the Rugby clubs left the federation and the trophy stayed with the DFB. Until 2001, the Bundesliga was directly under the control German football's governing body the Deutscher Fuball-Bund (DFB or German Football Association). [62][63] Nevertheless, the practise of any "football" code did not start until 1951 when the BACC merged with the Buenos Aires F.C. Who is FC Barcelona owner? Football Club de Mulhouse is a French association football club based in Mulhouse. While the first clubs emerged in Britain, possibly as early as the fifteenth century, these are poorly-documented and defunct. FC Union Berlin. Club records indicate that BFC then defended their title, but no supporting evidence has been found. The 196566 season saw the promotion of Bayern Munich to the top league and in 196869 they won their first championship on their way to becoming the most dominant side in Bundesliga history. No single team was able to dominate through the 1960s in seven seasons from 196364 through to 196970, seven different teams won the championship. The club adopted the Rugby Union rules in 1872, never playing association rules. Sheffield FC - Northern Premier League Division One South East. Founded in 1868 and by that being Scotland's oldest football club. They currently play in Northern Counties East League Division One - a semi-professional English football league that stands ninth in the country's football pyramid and have won the competition once in 2001. Under Allied occupation all organizations, including sports clubs and associations, were initially banned. has been described by the university as the oldest club now playing association football,[22][23][24] being recognised by The FA. For example, the records of the Brewers' Company of London between 1421 and 1423 mention the hiring out of their hall "by the "football players" for "20 pence", under the heading "Trades and Fraternities". However, the league would lose almost all of these gains in 200809, with total attendance of 4.76 million and an average of 15,550. They play in the 10th division as of season 2020/21 and never managed to win any national titles. What followed was the debacle of the promotion of Tasmania 1900 Berlin, which went on to the worst season in league history. Unlike the Bundesligen, the 3. [32], Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya is a Baghdad-based men's club founded in 1931 in Kingdom of Iraq under British Administration. It has been claimed that the present-day Barnes Rugby Football Club, from Barnes in London, is a continuation of the nineteenth-century Barnes Football Club, and moreover that the latter club was formed in 1839 and is thus the oldest club to have played football for its entire history. [46] Seniority of the football club in current borders of Poland and still active in the Polish league system is subject to a dispute between two Krakw based clubs Wisa Krakw and Cracovia. "Club" has always meant an independent entity and, during the historical period in question, very few high school or university teams were independent of the educational institutions concerned. In 1911, the first Slovenian football club of the Slovenian minority opened in Ljubljana, Ilirija, followed by Slovan two years later. But after suffering liquidation in 2012, they were forced to work their way back. [30] Cray Wanderers F.C., originally of St Mary Cray and currently playing in Bromley, founded in 1860, is the oldest club now playing association football in Greater London. A few clubs, such as Alemannia Aachen and Bayern Munich, moved to support or protect their members in the face of these actions. The 194445 season began less than two weeks later, rather than after the usual three-month summer break. FC Kaiserslautern became the first (and so far, only) team in Bundesliga and German history to win the league championship as a newly promoted team, having won the 2. Who is the richest club in 2021? Four other eastern clubs are playing in the 201112 3. FC Saarbrcken (formerly FV Saarbrcken) played in the French Second Division for one season. Mulhouse was founded under the name Fussball-Club Mlhausen in what was then Mlhausen, Alsace-Lorraine in Germany. The five former Eastern clubs in the 2. [60] The date of foundation has been recognised by the Buenos Aires Rugby Union. Save up to 70% off with image packs. Bayern Munich became the first three-time champion with wins in 197172, 197273 and 197374. Forty-six clubs applied for admission to the new league. Today the club plays lower-tier football in the local city leagues. Two Scots, Alexander Mackay and Robert Russell Ross, overseas workers at the Rio Tinto mines, founded Huelva Recreation Club to provide their employees with physical recreation. The HRK has won 14 national titles 1927, 1928, 1971, 1973, 1976, 1986, 20102015, 2017 and 2018. The records show that Savages was active in 1882. initially played Sheffield rules, a code of its own devising, although the club's rules influenced those of the England Football Association (FA (1863) including handball, free kicks, corners and throw ins. In the Bundesliga's 43rd season, total attendance was about 12.41 million in 306 games for an average of 40,572 per game, a 6.9% increase over the preceding year, making the 200506 season the 5th consecutive record attendance year. But only played their first game in 1902. Germania tried to join the DFuCB but was initially refused entry because of its difficult, overly nationalist attitude and inability to cooperate with other clubs while part of the BDF. Liverpool Football Club (not to be confused with Liverpool F.C. At the same time, the Regionalliga went from two divisions to three. The biggest success of the club was the qualification for the Rugby European Challenge Cup 2018/19 - only to be denied participation, because their main sponsor owns Stade Francais.
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