[citation needed]. The rebellion began in 1794, when large groups of rebels claiming White . A second major contributor was internal turmoil, expressed in a series of devastating rebellions beginning in 1794 with the White Lotus rebellion, and ending with the Boxer Rebellion of 18991901 and Wuchang Uprising of 19111912. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Administrators also seized and destroyed sectarian scriptures which were used by the religious groups. Asia for Educators, Columbia University, 2009. Surprisingly, the ill-organized rebels managed to defeat the inadequate and inefficient Qing imperial forces. Ordinary Han Chinese felt little loyalty to the Qing rulers, who still presented themselves as conquering Manchus from the north. Since the 1340s, the Mongol Yuan Dynasty was experiencing problems. A similar movement arose in the mountainous region that separates Sichuan province from Hubei and Shaanxi provinces in central China as tax protests. [1] As White Lotus sects developed, they appealed to many Han Chinese who found solace in the worship of Wusheng Laomu . The White Lotus Rebellion was initiated as an antitax protest led by the White Lotus Society, a secret religious society. 11-07-2011 03:30:12 ZULU. This rebellion was less successful than that of the Red Turbans, and the Qing government succeeded in crushing this uprising. He did not distribute captured wealth or food supplies, nor did he promise to lessen the tax burden. The White Lotus Rebellion 1796-1804 In the densely forested border area between the provinces Hubei, Sichuan and Shaanxi, a lot of homeless peasant refugees(liumin, see also shed people) had gathered to escape the grip of landowners, creditors and tax collectors. The White Lotus continued to be active, and might have influence the next major domestic rebellion, the Eight Trigrams Uprising of 1813.[6]. . The leader, herbalist and martial artist Wang Lun, led an uprising that captured three small cities and laid siege to the larger city of Linqing, a strategic location on the north-south Grand Canal transportation route. (February 22, 2023). [4] The term was only used by the millenarian rebels under intense pressure during government interrogations. It was an organized religion, which was once popular in Yuan Dynasty. Wang Lun likely failed because he did not make any attempts to raise wide public support. At the . from Hubei and Shaanxi provs. The White Lotus rebellion began when large groups of Chinese rioted in 1794. Local disaffection broke out in the so-called White Lotus Rebellion of 1796-1804, which was centerd in the Szechwan- Shensi- Hupeh- Honan border regions. [6] The term was only used by the millenarian rebels under intense pressure during government interrogations. These militia groups were later instrumental in defeating the Taiping rebellion. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. The grew in number and power and eventually, into a serious concern for the government. After the strnggle had lasted six years, Lin Chi-hich was captunredd. Sun Yat-Sen emerged as China's first "professional" revolutionary, having gained an international reputation by being abducted by Qing agents in the Chinese Embassy in London in 1896. It took nine years of warfare and great loss. Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps. The White Lotus Society is traditionally considered to have first appeared during the Jin dynasty founded by Huiyuan in Mountain Lu, Jiujiang. The Qing commanders who were sent to repress the rebellion had a difficult time putting down the White Lotus. Since then, this book has become an invaluable source because it has enabled scholars to understand the beliefs of these groups. Welcome to White Lotus Dental: At White Lotus Dental our goal is to provide the highest quality dental care in a comfortable, relaxed and friendly environment. Nothing is known of his end. Szczepanski, Kallie. This signaled the beginning of the end for the Qing dynasty. //]]>. Soon the new migrants began to outnumber the indigenous people, and conflict over local leadership grew and grew strong. The end of the White Lotus Rebellion in 1804 also brought an end to the myth of the military invincibility of the Manchus, contributing to the increasing frequency of rebellions in the 19th century. Approximately 7,000 Banner troops were sent in from Manchuria in combination with Green Standard Army soldiers from Guizhou and Yunnan as well as tens of thousands of local mercenaries.[6]. ", Dai, Yingcong. Save up to $6,685 on one of 9 used Lotus Evora 400s in Frisco, TX. What anecdote, or short personal story, does Didion tell at the beginning of the essay "Georgia O'Keeffe"? As one Qing official complained:[9]. The Chinese authorities burned 20,000 bales of opium, and the British retaliated with a devastating invasion of mainland China, in two wars known as the Opium Wars of 183942 and 185660. The calamitous Opium Wars seemed to prove that the alien ruling dynasty had lost the Mandate of Heaven and needed to be overthrown. And so the war was waged. It broke out (1796) among impoverished settlers in the mountainous region that separates Sichuan prov. ThoughtCo, Aug. 27, 2020, thoughtco.com/fall-of-the-qing-dynasty-195608. The White Lotus society (Bailianjiao) was a religious cult already in existence in the Nan (Southern) Song dynasty (1127-1279). The dynasty had to resort to a strategy of removing all food supplies from the countryside and collecting the peasants into a series of armed stockades. id You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Main article: White Lotus Rebellion Beginning in 1794, two decades after Wang Lun's failed uprising, a movement also arose in the mountainous region that separates Sichuan from Hubei and Shaanxi in central China as tax protests. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. The Qing believed that the way to avoid the errors of the White Lotus rebellion was to clamp down on foreign influence. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. The government had to depend on more Han Chinese recruits (Green Standard) since there were not enough Manchu. The tide of the rebellion was turned by Qing leaders relying on the local gentry-raised private militias of Hunan, Hubei and Shaanxi. Completely unprepared for such an onslaught, the Qing dynasty lost, and Britain imposed unequal treaties and took control of the Hong Kong region, along with millions of pounds of silver to compensate the British for the lost opium. The crippled Qing dynasty clung to power for another decade, behind the walls of the Forbidden City, but the Wuchang Uprising of 1911 put the final nail in the coffin when 18 provinces voted to secede from the Qing dynasty. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. The rebellion began in 1794, when large groups of rebels claiming White Lotus affiliations rose up within the mountainous region that separated Sichuan province from Hubei and Shaanxi provinces. The Qing dynasty promoted itself as a conquering force, ruling China for 268 years before collapsing in 19111912. The Red Turban Rebellion which took place in 1352, was led by the White Lotus group. Only after 1800 did the Qing government adopt new tactics that established local militias (tuan) to help surround and destroy the White Lotus. Beginning as tax protests, the eventual rebellion gained growing support and sympathy from many ordinary people. from Hubei and Shaanxi provs. Vast sums of money earmarked for the campaign against the rebels, however, were embezzled by the imperial favourite Heshen and his friends. The White Lotus is a syncretic religious and political movement which forecasts the imminent advent of the "King of Light" , i.e., the future Buddha Maitreya. One Qing response was to suppress the word "revolution" by banning it from their world-history textbooks. //