criticized foreign nations' efforts to stabilize currency. Some leaders wanted the South to pay for damage done during the Civil War. Roosevelt's delegate to the London Economic Conference before bailing; leader of the Nationalist military rebellion in the Spanish Civil War, Isolationist (ironic aviator who first flew across the Atlantic), 1940 Republican candidate for the presidency of the United States, idea of trade pacts including mutually beneficial changes to tariffs, etc. The AFC was founded by Yale University student R. Douglas Stuart Jr. and headed by Robert E. Wood, a retired U.S. Army general who was chairman of Sears, Roebuck and Co. Its highest-profile early member was Henry Ford, the automotive pioneer and notorious anti-Semite, who resigned in controversy. fireline multi mission; replacing a concealed shower valve Nye Committee: In 1934 Senator Gerald P. Nye of North Dakota held hearings to investigate the country's involvement on WW1; this committee documented the huge profits that arms factories had made during the war: 340091760: General Francisco Franco: In 1936 the Spanish Civil War began. VI Congress Legislates Neutrality 1 The 1934 Nye Committee was formed to from APUSH 101 at Diamond Bar High. "War Industries Board: History and Purpose." Explain the steps by which the United States What was the result of the Nye Committees findings quizlet? A. patriotic pride, B. a lack of awareness, C. greed and arrogance, D. disrespect for the war's victims. Write a vocabulary word for the definition or clue. Rome-Berlin Axis. What is the ICD-10-CM code for skin rash. Write adv. A. Expansionism B. Internationalism C. Isolationism D. Supporting the British 20. That Hideki Tojo was a threat to Americas national security and should be stopped. The CND analyzed the abilities of the major U.S. industries to meet military needs and to mobilize in case of war. Roosevelt's reaction to recognizing Fascist aggression while being limited by US isolationist feelings; this speech suggested that the democracies act together to "quarantine" the aggressor. That Hideki Tojo was a threat to Americas national security and should be stopped. Under the terms of the licence agreement, an individual user may print out a PDF of a single entry from a reference work in OR for personal use (for details see Privacy Policy and Legal Notice). However, with the WIBs price controls applying only to wholesale prices, retail prices soared. The idea that the US should not enter into firm commitments to preserve the security of other nations. What was the objective of the Neutrality Act of 1937? The physicist who directed the Manhattan project for the development of the atomic bomb. Was the U.S. neutral before Pearl Harbor? The Gilded Age . After the Spanish- American War, the US entered the Progressive Era, which could also be seen as aTurning Point. Subjects: 34 apush chapter . To put the WIBs 20% industrial production increase into perspective, under the similar War Production Board, established by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on January 1, 1942, days after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, industrial productivity increased by 96% and 17 million new civilian jobs were created. World War II in Europe had begun; The use of air power and fast moving tanks in warfare aka "lightning war". Which was a reason that Northern leaders disagreed over the South rejoining the Union? The first hearings were in September 1934 and the final hearings in February 1936. To this end, the WIB prioritized needs, fixed prices, and oversaw the standardization of the products essential to supporting the war efforts of the United States and its allies. Government In America, Chapter 12 APUSH Chapter 11 (P1) - American Pageant Central Nervous System: Crash Course A\u0026P #11 The Senate and the House of Representatives Explained (Congress - AP Government Review)Capitalism and Socialism: Crash Course World History #33 Political Parties: Crash Course Government and Politics #40The American [16]. Graduated from ENSAT (national agronomic school of Toulouse) in plant sciences in 2018, I pursued a CIFRE doctorate under contract with SunAgri and INRAE in Avignon between 2019 and 2022. Lecture outline --> "Two Write the part of speech above each italicized word: N (noun), pro. In its final report, the Nye Committee also identified the Chaco War between Bolivia and Paraguay as a key example of complicity between debt financiers, arms makers, and militaries. Many Americans felt betrayed and questioned that the war had been an epic battle between the forces of good (democracy) and evil (autocracy). Which event immediately preceded Germanys surrender and the end of WWII? View FDR from APUSH 101 at Walker High School. Merchants of death was an epithet used in the U.S. in the 1930s to attack industries and banks that supplied and funded World War I (then called the Great War). It was discovered following the war as US troops advanced on Germany during which they came upon concentration camps and witnessed the horrifying extent of the Nazi's program of Genocide against Jews and others. He led Italy to conquer Ethiopia (1935), joined Germany in the Axis pact (1936), and allied Italy with Germany in World War II. These loans were made during wartime: July 28, 1914 November 11, 1918. Public opinion pushed Congress to pass the Neutrality Acts to keep us out of WWII. Established by Congress in September 1940, this act provided for the registration of all American men between the ages of 21 and 35 and for the training of 1.2 million troops in just one year. Germanys resumption of submarine attacks on passenger and merchant ships in 1917 became the primary motivation behind Wilsons decision to lead the United States into World War I. The agreement here would prove to have long-term significance. That the countries at war had to send their own ships to the Untied states to pick up the goods, and they had to pay cash. A party that attracted dissatisfied war veterans, nationalists, and those afraid of rising communism. It found that bankers had pressured Wilson to intervene in the war in order to protect their loans abroad. VI Congress Legislates Neutrality 1 The 1934 Nye Committee was formed to. Woodrow Wilson Your current browser may not support copying via this button. My thesis aimed to study dynamic agrivoltaic systems, in my case in arboriculture. An Act that replaced the Cash and Carry idea; it allowed Britain to obtain all the US arms it needed on credit. The idea that people should glorify their nation and their race through an aggressive show of force; advocated in Italy by Benito Mussolini. What are the 3 biblical grounds for divorce? Three days later, after Germany and Italy declared war on it, the United States became fully engaged in the Second World War. A majority of nations, including most of the worlds great powers, fought on two sides consisting of military alliances. The Fourteen Points, the League of Nations, and Wilson's Failed Idealism, The National Woman Suffrage Association and the American Woman Suffrage Association, Grover Cleveland, Mugwumps, and the 1884 Election, The "Cleveland Massacre" -- Standard Oil makes its First Attack, The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and its Effects. This battle had two objectives: (1) overcoming the menace of German submarines in the Atlantic and (2) beginning bombing raids on German cities; German subs sank over 500 Allied ships in 1942, but the Allied powers developed ways to fight back via sonar, radar, and bombing of German naval bases. Check the Fiveable calendar for this week's APUSH live . Why did FDR create the officer of price administration (OPA)? APUSH CHAPTER 34; Apush Chapter 34. by kylecwalden9, Apr. Committee To Defend America By Aiding the Allies. On April 2, 1917, President Woodrow Wilson went before a joint session of Congress to request a declaration of war against Germany. Senator Gerald Nye. Although the great powers of Europe had declared war on one another, neither side had yet committed to launching a significant attack, and there was relatively little fighting on the ground. With the Department of Defense and Pentagon not to be created until 1947, the WIB was an ad hoc department created to coordinate procurement between the Army and the Navy. View Chapter 23 Critical Questions from HISTORY MISC at Greendale High. Click to Rate "Hated It" Click to Rate "Didn't Like It" . It was drafted by Britain and the United States, and later agreed to by all the Allies. Between 1935 and 1937 Congress passed three Neutrality Acts that tried to keep the United States out of war, by making it illegal for Americans to sell or transport arms, or other war materials to belligerent nations. Copyright All rights reserved. Vi congress legislates . It guaranteed workers the right to organize unions and bargain directly with management. The Nye Committee conducted 93 hearings and questioned more than 200 witnesses. 1944: U.S. government set up several relief agencies, including the Emergency Committee to Save the Jewish People of Europe. APUSH Period: 1860 to 1877. Because of these facts Senator Nye, many war critics, and members of the American public concluded that the US entered the war for reasons of profit, not policy because it was in the interest of American finance banks and investors for the Allies not to lose so that they would be able to pay interest and principal on their loans. 1943: 400 rabbis marched in Washington to protest silence of the world against the extermination of European Jews. Did the Mayflower Go Off Course on Purpose? Thesis: Franklin Roosevelt brought forth the Neutrality Acts in the 1930s that restricted arms trade but were later replaced by the Cash and Carry policy which reversed those restrictions. AmscoDiplomacy and World War 11 (1929-1945). APUSH . It also conducted psychological testing to help people find the right jobs. A policy of the United States Administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt during 1933-45, with the goal of strengthening relations with Latin America and hemispheric solidarity against external threats. Identify Justinian, The Body of Civil Law, Byzantine Empire, Macedonians, Seljuk Turks, Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, Saladin, Pope Innocent III. After entering the Great Depression, FDR became president and ushered in the New Deal. Nye created headlines by drawing connections between the wartime profits of the banking and munitions industries to Americas involvement in World War I. The Secretary of State under Roosevelt who suggested a plan to give the president power to reduce US tariffs up to 50% for nations that reciprocated with comparable reductions for US imports. Public opinion pushed Congress to pass the Neutrality Acts to keep us out of WWII. The Night of the Broken Glass, also known as Kristallnacht, was a night _____. Graceclaw. "I wish those people who write so glibly about this being a holy war and the orators who talk so much about going on no matter how long the war lasts and what it may mean could see a case-to say nothing of ten cases-of mustard gas in its early stages-could see the poor things burnt and blistered all over with great mustard-coloured suppurating [oozing] blisters, with blind eyes all sticky and stuck together, and always fighting for breath with voices a mere whisper, saying that their throats are closing' and they know they will choke." The committee investigated the financial and banking interests that underlay the United States' involvement in World War I and the operations and profits of the industrial and commercial firms supplying munitions to the Allies and to the United States. The War Industries Board (WIB) was created by President Woodrow Wilson in July 1917. Hulton-Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty Images. World War Two affected the world and the United States profoundly; it continues to influence us even today. PRINTED FROM OXFORD REFERENCE (www.oxfordreference.com). Nye was instrumental in the development and adoption of the Neutrality Acts that were passed between 1935 and 1937. They were spurred by the growth in isolationism and non-interventionism in the US following its costly involvement in World War I, and sought to ensure that the US would not become entangled again in foreign conflicts. Merchants of death was an epithet used in the U.S. in the 1930s to attack industries and banks that had supplied and funded World War I (then called the Great War). In 1933, US delegation pledged never again to intervene in the internal affairs of a Latin American country; In 1936, Roosevelt attended and personally pledge to submit future disputes to arbitration and also warned that if a European power such as Germany attempted to "commit acts of aggression against us," it would find "a hemisphere wholly prepared to consult together for our mutual safety and our mutual good.". Content Review Apush 1-2.pptx. The committee reported that between 1915 and January 1917, the United States lent Germany $27 million. What was the conclusion of the Nye Committee? The Nye Committee Investigations In 1934, the Nye Committee, chaired by Senator Gerald Nye (R-North Dakota) held hearings to investigate the profits of the industrial, commercial, and banking firms that had supplied war materials under the supervision of the WIB. Nye CommitteeConcluded in 1934 that the main reason for US participation in the world war was to serve the greed of bankers and arms manufacturers; established by Senator Gerald Nye of North DakotaNeutrality Acts1935: Authorized the president to prohibit all arms shipments and to forbid US citizens to travel on the ships of belligerent nations; Chapter 40 Outline.doc. B). He led Italy to conquer Ethiopia (1935), joined Germany in the Axis pact (1936), and allied Italy with Germany in World War II. Federal Advisory Committee Act overview of advisory committees since 1993 : statement of L. Nye Stevens, Director Hunted by the KGB - Whittaker Chambers: Biography, Spy Case (1997), The History of the United States, in 10,000 Words, Joseph McCarthy, and Other Facets of the 1950s Red Scare. (pronoun), V (verb), adj. An admiral who adopted the strategy of "island-hopping" to enable the Allied powers to get within fighting range of the Japanese islands. A weapon whose power came from the splitting of the atom; it was successfully tested on July 15, 1945 at Alamogordo, New Mexico. The committee documented the huge profits that arms factories had made during the war. The Nye Committee, officially known as the Special Committee on Investigation of the Munitions Industry, was a United States Senate committee chaired by U.S. The threats and grim realities of war left the WIB facing the challenge of taking U.S. industrial production to unprecedented levels. 6 min read december 21, 2021. People unfamiliar with computers may find them_____. Is that still true? A supreme court case in 1944 that ruled that it was unconstitutional to deny membership in political parties to African Americans as a way of excluding them from voting in primaries. he America First Committee (AFC) was the foremost non-interventionist pressure group against the American entry into World War II. The Tuskegee airmen were the first black servicemen to serve as military aviators in the U.S. armed forces, flying with distinction during World War II. Ratified on October 24, 1945. This supreme court case followed the movement of 100,000 Japanese Americans moved to internment camps; the case upheld the US govt's internment policy as justified in wartime. The territory that Japan marched into to establish a puppet govt in September 1931; this was the greatest threat to world peace and also in direct defiance of the Open Door Policy. A. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. [6] The committee's findings did not achieve the aim of nationalization of the arms industry, but gave momentum to the non-interventionist movement, sparked the passage of the Neutrality Acts of the 1930s in 1935, 1936, 1937, and 1939,[16][17] and encouraged Charles Lindbergh and other anti-Semites, who believed that the lenders were mostly Jewish. If Hitler took Britain, he could use the British navy to attack the Americas. [3][4][5] One of the best-known was Smedley D. Butler, a retired Marine Corps general who had become a spokesman for left-wing anti-war elements. verset coranique pour attirer les femmes. Some leaders wanted harsher treatment of the South for leaving the Union. How did American Identity in the years leading up to WWII mimic identity leading up to WWI? Begun as an interracial group advocating nonviolence, it adopted greater militancy late in the decade, reflecting nationwide trends in Black activism. What is the function of membrane phospholipids? usually reductions as in the case of the reciprocal trade agreements act, Totalitarianism (or totalitarian rule) is a political system where the state recognizes no limits to its authority and strives to regulate every aspect of public and private life wherever feasible. Alfred Nobel Alfred Nobel was called the Merchant of Death for his inventions and the most prestigious award is given after his name. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. That strengthened the position of isolationists and non-interventionists in the . Equal mutual rights and benefits granted and enjoyed. Add hyphens, brackets, and dashes where needed in the following sentences. A federal agency that regulated almost every aspect of civilians' lives by freezing prices, wages, and rents and rationing such commodities as meat, sugar, gasoline, and auto tires. Established by FDR in his first inaugural address, concentrating on other nations of the Western Hemisphere. Was the U.S. neutral before Pearl Harbor? . Theme Blog Forever by. These revelations led Senator Nye, many pacifists, and members of the American public to contend that profit, rather than peace had motivated the U.S. to enter the war. In AP US History, period 7 spans from 1898 to 1945 CE. What was the Good Neighbor Policy? scorpio rising female characteristics. In carrying out its mission, the WIB employed modern industrial techniques such as the assembly line, mass production, and interchangeable parts. From: Define the word you choose. Because prices of goods were threatening to rise out of control so they froze the prices. Write whether your complement is an adjective or noun. That WWI had improved Americas stature in the world and the nation should be a leader in future conflicts. The committee investigated the financial and banking interests which underlay United States' involvement in World War I, and was a significant factor in public and political support for American neutrality in the early stages of World War II. As Senator Nye connected the war profiteers of the banking and munitions industries to America's involvement in the war, many Americans felt they had been drawn into what was, in fact, a European war by pro-war propaganda that had portrayed the war as a battle between the forces of good and evildemocracy and autocracy. However, the CND struggled to deal with the Armys inability to purchase equipment quickly and efficiently, and the Armys competition with the Navy for scarce raw materials and finished products. John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self. Nye Committee 1934. formed to investigate whether or not munitions manufacturers and bankers were pro-war in WWI soley to make profit; increased anti-war atmosphere and push to pass Neutrality Acts. [6] Historian Charles Callan Tansill's America Goes To War (1938) exploited the Nye Committee's voluminous report of testimony and evidence to develop and confirm the heavy influence exercised by Wall Street finance (notably J.P. Morgan) and the armaments industry (notably Du Pont) in the process that led to American intervention. Period: 1800 to 2018. Nye Committee investigation ( merchants of death) America First Committee Good Neighbor policy (Montevideo Conference) Reciprocal trade agreements Increasing aggression by Italy, Japan, and Germany in Europe, Africa, and Asia Congress wanted to maintain neutrality (Neutrality Acts 1935, 1936, 1937) Chapter 41 Outline.doc. The background leading up to U.S. entry into World War I. Nye Committee hearings (Munitions industry, naval shipbuilding: Preliminary report of the Special Committee on Investigation of the Munitions Industry): This page was last edited on 6 November 2022, at 19:39. How do I fill out an activity section on the common app. On December 7, 1941, Japanese bombers flew over the US naval base in Pearl Harbour, Hawaii, bombing every ship in sight while many soldiers were still asleep in their bunks. Sha. in "send guns, not sons"; send a limitless supply of arms to victims of aggression, Roosevelt & Churchills secret conferences- 8 pt. Claimed they had caused America's entry into WWI. -In 1936, Nazi Hitler and Fascist Mussolini allied themselves in the Rome-Berlin Axis because they both wanted to take over europe. A Brief Look at the U.S. Department of Labor, Overview of the Second Industrial Revolution, Committee on Public Information, America's WWI Propaganda Agency, Abrams v. United States: Supreme Court Case, Arguments, Impact, Economic Growth: Inventions, Development, and Tycoons, How the Great Depression Altered US Foreign Policy. The Phoney War was a phase early in World War IIin the months following Britain and France's declaration of war on Germany (shortly after the German invasion of Poland) in September 1939 and preceding the Battle of France in May 1940that was marked by a lack of major military operations by the Western Allies against the German Reich. What did interventionists believe? [13][14][15] About their testimony, Dorothy Detzer (Appointment On The Hill, p. 169) reports: "The four solemn Du Pont brothers," averred that "the corporation's profits of 400% during the First World War seemed only the good fruit of sound business.". We shifted back to a lot of more progressive policies, especially with trying to help with the great depression, and we also had pretty isolationist policies, similar to what we had before. D. Some leaders felt that allowing Southern states back into the Union would delay westward expansion. About 250,000 Japanese died, either immediately, or as a result of prolonged suffering caused by radiation poisoning as a result of the two bombs. The WIB replaced the General Munitions Board, which lacked adequate authority and suffered from the inefficiency of having twenty voting members. European democracies could buy arms and war materials only if they paid cash and transported the arms themselves, was a phase in early World War II marked by few military operations in Continental Europe, in the months following the German invasion of Poland and preceding the Battle of France. Pearl Harbor was attacked on December 7, 1941. people who already borrowed and still owed money to the US could not borrow anymore, APUSH The American Pageant Chapter 31 vocab, APUSH The American Pageant Chapter 32 vocab, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, Donald Kagan, Frank M. Turner, Steven Ozment, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Chapter 34- Franklin D. Roosevelt and the In the wake of World War I, leaders in the international community sought to prevent the possibility of another war. "War Industries Board: History and Purpose." After a slow start, the WIB took significant strides toward meeting its objectives, especially in 1918. Republican presidents had refused to recognize this territory until Roosevelt who promptly changed the policy by granting recognition in 1933. The equivalent of Italy's fascist party in Germany; arose in 1920s in reaction to deplorable economic conditions after the war and natl resentments over the Treaty of Versailles; The Nazi Leader who used bullying tactics against Jews as well as Fascist ideology to increase his popularity with disgruntled, unemployed German workers. Which event immediately preceded Germany's surrender and the end of WWII? Roosevelt's compromise for helping Britain as he could not sell Britain US destroyers without defying the Neutrality Act; Britain received 50 old but still serviceable US destroyers in exchange for giving the US the right to build military bases on British Islands in the Caribbean. The Republican nominee for president in the 1940 election, he was a surprise nominee as he had never before run for public office; He criticized the New deal but largely agreed with Roosevelt on preparedness and giving aid to Britain short of actually entering the war. Longley, Robert. The Italian fascist leader, or "Il Duce". The 1920s, while "roaring," saw the US become isolated. Wayne S. Cole, Senator Gerald P. Nye and American Foreign Relations (Minneapolis, University of Minnesota, 1962 p. 72. Chinatown's Sex Slaves - Human Trafficking and San Francisco's History. The Nye Committee, officially known as the Special Committee on Investigation of the Munitions Industry, was a United States Senate committee (April 12, 1934 February 24, 1936), chaired by U.S. (conjunction). What was the conclusion of the Nye committees 1933 report on World War I? [11] Burns and Rauschenbush, who met on the committee, married soon after and co-authored a book that recounts salient testimony gathered by the investigation, War Madness (Washington, D.C., National Home Library Association, 1937). As introduced in the early 1900s by automobile manufacturer Henry Ford, mass production utilizes multiple assembly lines. Ronald Reagan made strides in economics by . The committee was established on April 12, 1934. APUSH Chapter 38A Discussion Questions.docx. When the U.S entered World War I, laborthe controlling factor of productionwas overseen by another government agency. The following guide will be updated periodically with hyperlinks to excellent resources. The Great Mistake - Why Did the South Secede in 1860? a governmental system led by a dictator having complete power, forcibly suppressing opposition and criticism, regimenting all industry, commerce, etc., and emphasizing an aggressive nationalism and often racism. Addressed to the Congress on January 6, 1941. pact between Russia and Soviet, pledged neutrality by either party if the other were attacked by a third party. The inventor of dynamite and explosives was criticised for finding ways to kill people faster than ever. In such an overwhelming undertaking, the federal government had to play a leading role. Stephen Rauschenbusch, son of Christian Social Gospel activist Walter Rauschenbusch, was appointed lead counsel for the Committee; his assisting counsel included Robert Wolforth, Josephine Burns and Alger Hiss. The 1934 Nye Committee was made to investigate whether or not arms manufactures caused United States' entry into the First World War. The greed of American monitions markers, bankers and financeers was responsible for the nations entry into WW1. International economic conference on stabilizing currency to solve Great Depression, nation to which the US promised independence in the Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934, FDR's repudiation of TR's corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, stating good neighbor policy towards L. American countries, prohibited sale of arms to belligerents in a war; banned loans to belligerents; citizens cannot travel to countries at war or travel on armed ships; passed to prevent American involvement in future overseas wars, conflict between the revel Fascist forces of Gen. Franco and the Loyalist gov't; severely tested US neutrality; Mussolini and Hitler helped in order to use SP as testing ground for bombs, Roosevelt's speech 1937 that proposed strong US measures against overseas aggressors (Japan), European diplomatic conf where GB and FR appease Hitler's demands for Sudentenland in Czechoslovakia, piece of land south Czechoslovakia; betrayed by GB and FR to appease Hitler in 1938 Munich Conference, term for the British-French policy of attempting to prevent war by granting German demands, Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies, group advocating US support for GB in the fight against Hitler, headed by Charles Lindbergh; isolationist group advocating that US focus on continental defense and non-involvement with WWII, law that made the US the "arsenal for democracy" by providing supposedly temorary military material assistance to GB, communist nation invaded by Hitler in June 1941 that was also aided by American lend-lease, US.-GB agreement of Aug 1941 to promote democracy and intentions for improvement post WWII; created by Winston Churchill and FDR in a secret conference, self-determination, disarmament, freedom of seas, peace of security, League of Nations, 5 specific points of the Atlantic Charter, US destroyer sunk by German U-boats off the coast of iceland in Oct 1941, major American naval base devastated in a surpise attack in Dec 1941, FDR's Sec'ry of State who promoted Reciprocal Trade Agreement, low tariffs, and Good Neighbor policy, Fascist leader of Germany; started WWII under the "big lie"- belief that GER was stabbed in the back by Jews in WWI, Fascist dictator of Italy; sought to recreate a Roman empire; allied with Hitler in Roman-Berlin Axis; invaded Ethiopia; "Benevolent Dictator", instigator of 1934 Senate hearings that castigated WWI munitions manufacturers as "merchants of death", Fascist rebel leader against Spanish Loyalist gov't; helped by Hitler and Mussolini to become dictator of Spain, African nation invaded by Mussolini in 1935, Democratic nation betrayed at Munich Conference, invaded Sept 1939 by Hitler; set off WWII, seized by Hitler in 1940; pushed the US closer to direct aid to GB, leader of America First Committee; chief spokesman for US isolationism, dark horse Rep Presidential nominee in 1940; lost against FDR; attacked FDR for the third term attempt, courageous prime minister who led GB's lonely resistance to Hitler; involved with the secret Atlantic Conference, Russian dictator who first helped HItler destroy Poland before becoming victim of Nazi aggression in 1941; transformed RUS into a military power in 15 years, nation near whose waters US destroyers, namely USS Kearny, came under Nazi submarine attack, put Philippines on the road to independence, designed by Cordell Hull to increase American exports; reversed Hawley-Smoot Tariff by decreasing the tariff, nation that acted against the Washington Naval Treaty in 1934 and walked out of London Conference, forbade any country that still owed US money from borrowing any more cash, formed 1936 by a group of Princton U students; anti-war group that mocked the early payment of bonuses to WWI veterans, formed to investigate whether or not munitions manufacturers and bankers were pro-war in WWI soley to make profit; increased anti-war atmosphere and push to pass Neutrality Acts, American gunboat bombed and sunk by Japanese in 1937; Japan apologized and sent $ to victims' families; unwilling to go to war, US forgave easily, strip of land demilitarized according to Versailles Treaty; invaded by Hitler, aka Neutrality Act of 1939; Euro nations (Allies) can buy war materials from US only if they provide transportation and pay in cash, meeting where US warned Germany that it could not take over orphan colonies in the Americas, first peacetime draft; trained 1.2 million troops, two leading Republican presidential candidate aspirants, unarmed US merchant ship torpedoed and destroyed by a German U-boat outside war zone; May 1941, Hitler-Stalin Nonaggression Pact; 10-year peace treaty; Russia can keep 1/3 of Poland when Hitler attacks it, term dubbed to the early phase of WWII; period of silence and inactivity in Europe after Hitler moved his forces from Poland and eventually attacked Norway and Denmark, established and reinforced by FDR to create good relations with L. America; nullied Roosevelt Corollary, independent farmers; Stalin ordered Collective Farming (crops go to Russian gov't), Nazi party failed attempt to seize Munich govt 1923; Hitler emerges as a national hero when jailed, "lightning war"; German military warfare tactic, Norway, Denark, Belgium, Luxembourg, Holland, five "weaker" countries Hitler attacked before France (after phoney war), France's wall of defense that only faced Germany and stopped at the Ardennes, thick forest on the border of France and Germany, used by FDR in one of his fireside chats to persuade Americans to support Lend Lease Policy, July 1940-Dec 1941; air war between GER and GB, initially invented by GB to detect aircraft in the air; eventually used by all belligerent countries in WWII, Russian tactic; used against GER after GER attack June 1941; allowed Ger to conquer land to separate them from supply line and fall in trap of the brutal winter, Japanese admiral who planned Pearl Harbor Attack; Japan stealthily came in from the North, Pearl harbor attack; holiday time, Sunday morning.