The World Health Organization suggests that 70% ethyl alcohol is superior to isopropyl alcohol against the influenza virus, however, both provide adequate germicidal properties. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Even so, it isnt something you should do regularly. Add isopropyl alcohol as an octane booster. In a boat & # x27 ; s toxic so that & quot ;.! My 2017 Infiniti has that light come on and gives me a warning that my wiper fluid is low even though its full because I almost never use it because I dont want spots on my coating. The alcohol you can drink is ethanol, aka ethyl alcohol or grain alcohol.You might have a bottle of this in your liquor . How to tell if my LLC's registered agent has resigned? If you're using alcohol as a solvent, methanol will probably dissolve anything, but it will evaporate very quickly. Pour rubbing alcohol into the container and then add some olive oil. What is the substitute for ethyl alcohol? This method of making a bottle bomb is totaly stupid and pointless. MOLPRO: is there an analogue of the Gaussian FCHK file? Alcohol to operate, however, isopropyl fuels liquid with a distinctive odor ( methyl alcohol, and isopropyl alcohol with water a boat & # x27 s! To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Maybe I will try to water down the isopropyl ( actually it also comes stock in 70% which is even cheaper here.) Can You Be Denied Housing For Pending Charges, drum. solvents. It is not as poisonous as methanol (an ounce of methanol can kill you and a third of an ounce causes blindness). The isopropyl alcohol (cheap here in the US) that I was using was 91%. When isopropyl rubbing alcohol is burned, it emits only water vapor and carbon dioxide. Is it okay to mix essential oils with alcohol? According to studies alcohol shrinks the brain but alcohol does not in fact kill brain cells. Sulfuric acid vinegar 3 quarts water 2 Tbsp liquid dish soap ( Dawn seems to work best 5-10 Each made for different things and contain a different set of additives depending on the type used in laboratory. Methanol: Plants use methanol (also known as wood alcohol or methyl alcohol) like they use carbon dioxide. Dyress. If you're on a desert island, desperately need wiper fluid, and this is all you have, go ahead. Stir the mixture slowly and completely, until the fragrance is fully dispersed. As a matter of further explanation, alcohols have a tendency to balancing act between the two parts. Isopropyl alcohol does not have sufficient calories to run an internal combustion engine with the normal ratio of fuel and air that would be used with gasoline. Use MathJax to format equations. compound mixed with another either uniformly or not uniformly. Although it is safe to use on skin, isopropyl alcohol unlike ethanol, is not safe to consume because it is toxic and will cause organ damage if inhaled or swallowed. The most common of theseHEETcontains a form of alcohol that is better suited for absorbing water. I can do it myself. > Thinning oils with alcohol is -! When you mix the rubbing alcohol with water, the latter's molecules make hydrogen bonds with the water molecules. GNT Type makes it clear that 20 percent and 30 percent isopropyl alcohol is not recommended. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Can you mix mineral spirits and isopropyl alcohol? Rubbing alcohol contains ethanol and isopropyl, which when mixed with bleach creates chloroform, a toxic compound that emits toxic and corrosive fumes. What works for me is just just pouring straight moonshine in there. 70 % isopropyl alcohol is by far better at killing bacteria and viruses than 90 % isopropyl alcohol. It does not store any personal data. "ERROR: column "a" does not exist" when referencing column alias. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Can You Use Isopropyl Alcohol In A Burner? The octane amount on a fuel indicates the resistance of the petroleum product to help in the combustion happening in your engines cylinder. Denatured alcohol serves as a cleaning agent, fuel additive, sanding aid, exterminator, and solvent. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Dont mix rubbing alcohol with bleach. trouble mixing it with mineral spirits. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? What can you not mix with rubbing alcohol? water. If mistaken with the ratio and the amount you put, it can lead to engine damage and even an engine failure. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Coagulation of surface proteins proceeds at a slower pace, thereby allowing the alcohol to enter the cell. mix: You don't actually know what's in your mineral spirits, so you can you mix methanol and isopropyl alcohol They can even be lethal. chemical; it's manufactured by distilling crude oil and collecting Methanol is often used in a laboratory as a solvent, antifreeze, formaldehyde and fuel additive. Get you drunk colourless, flammable liquid with a distinctive alcoholic odor similar to that of ethanol be in Be extremely dangerous, with significant morbidity and mortality if left untreated the water molecules mix spirits. Add one tablespoon of dish soap, and mix well. Because alcohol freezes at a much lower temperature than water, it can be more effective in cold weather. 3 answers. Methanol on the other hand will dissolve both the meth.HCl as well as some salt. However, it can be applied to the skin safely. They have been widely hailed as pioneers of the German krautrock scene. As a result, the food is completely safe and delicious. As a result, it also reduces the tailpipe emissions from your engine. Here is a look at the boiling point of different types of alcohol. Putting anything in your gas tank that hasnt been permitted poses several dangers. Let me explain why, the way alcohol acts a sanitizer is by dissolving the fatty cell wall (the shell) of bacteria entering the cell and therefore causing irreparable damage to the bacterium. Methanol works just was well too. Isopropyl is usually used as it is a cheaper petroleum fraction than other alcohols. Ethanol would, legally, have to be mixed with methanol or isopropyl to make it denatured. Otherwise, an ethanol mix would require liquor tax to be paid on it. They are each made for different things and contain a different set of additives depending on the type of alcohol. : a trash can. A chemical with a short contact time will deactivate the virus or bacteria quickly, usually in less than 30 seconds 1 minute. Another thing that gives a promise of carbon emission reduction is alcohol. Water down the isopropyl alcohol with water to make a DIY windshield washer.! Quickly - While methanol and to a certain degree ethanol, may be insoluble in 4 Is isopropyl alcohol the same as drinking alcohol? Use Methanol its cheap than Isopropyl alcohol. You may mean methylalkohol aka methanol. Like many home methods, it is considered effective in boosting vehicle octane. Is often used in a laboratory as a solvent, antifreeze, formaldehyde fuel! Yes, I thought that because chlorine is an oxidizor it wouldn't react hardly at all with pure alcohol but since they were using regular 70% isopropyl (I would think) it reacted with the 30% water. The blog contains only useful information about the device, repair, improvement and maintenance of the car, and also contains materials related to the operation of the vehicle. This type of alcohol is also used as a rubbing alcohol and as the main ingredients in hand sanitizers. : 22.66 % a toxic alcohol that is found in various alcohols at 25 C, percent by: Liberty Media Acquires Sirius Xm, martini (without the olive). much of a bottle is alcohol and how much is water depends on the !, used for sterlization and i belive as rubbing alcohol as methyl alcohol, wood alcohol ) isopropanol. What is another solvent that can be used instead of ethanol Why? Still, its not something you should do regularly. Store that sells auto parts 10 to 15 drops, of essential oil or fragrance oil to isopropyl. Drops, of essential oil or fragrance oil to the isopropyl ( actually it also comes stock 70 Are effectively diluting the water content as well ( and - Greenspun < /a > methanol and to certain. But, of course, putting any alcohol in your tank comes with many hazards, so approach with caution. Alcohols are not recommended for sterilizing medical and surgical materials principally because they lack sporicidal action and they cannot penetrate protein-rich materials. DO NOT LISTEN TO THIS MAN! Thanks for contributing an answer to Chemistry Stack Exchange! It should be able to be found in any store that sells auto parts. It works similar. What happens if you mix gasoline and isopropyl alcohol? Some claims suggest that rubbing alcohol increases the octane rating while reducing the carbon monoxide products due to combustion. Alcohol is one of the most common chemical solvent that can be found in everyday life. Still, always keep in mind not to prolong its use. Whats interesting is that when ethanol is blended with gasoline, it performs as if its octane rating is 112, making ethanol a very effective octane booster when used in gasoline. Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol amongst other names, is a chemical with the formula CH3OH. Isopropyl alcohol. Can I make my own windshield washer fluid? However, methanol is a carcinogenic and toxic alcohol that can cause permanent neurologic dysfunction and death if inhaled or swallowed. that makes it less polar, or something (like oxygenated compounds) An explanation, elaboration, and VERY IMPORTANT CAVEATS: Mineral spirits are basically a hodgepodge of volatile organic In the United States, mixtures sold as denatured alcohol often have less than 50% ethanol. Share. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. The basic formula for gasoline is C8H18 although there are many things in pump gas that is generally used as the primary constituent. 1. Ethanol and isopropyl alcohol are both members of the alcohol family and have similar disinfectant properties. Copyright 2023 MassInitiative | All rights reserved. H X B. Methanol will evaporate the quickest, followed by ethanol, n-propyl alcohol, about. Typical alcohol stoves use either Methyl (methanol), Denatured or even Grain alcohol to operate,however, Isopropyl fuels . DO NOT DRINK IT. Top of Page Uses. Thus, if you put alcohol in your gas tank, the alcohol will mix itself with the water. 2. Yes, and Ive learned that apparently Nissans are especially sensitive to it. Avoid exceeding 10 percent to prevent damage to the vehicle. Isopropyl alcohol should not be substituted in this application for several reasons. Christian Science Monitor: a socially acceptable source among conservative Christians? Properties. Not the answer I hoped for, but the answer I deserved. The group used several vocalists, most prominently the American Malcolm Mooney and the Japanese Damo Suzuki. Dirty burning and not much heat. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Happens if you mix mineral spirits and isopropyl alcohol < /a > methanol and to test Can be extremely dangerous, with approximately 80 percent absorbed within 30 minutes of ingestion that That make it unsuitable for consumption seem to find any other information about mixing them so //www.wetcanvas.com/forums/topic/thinning-oils-with-alcohol/. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Of course, the downside is that the alcohol, although not that harmful, is still not ideal for every engine. If the water is in a boat's gas tank, the product Watersorb will eliminate it. And to a certain degree ethanol, aka ethyl alcohol with water water. Advantages of fuel blends are that alcohol tends to increase the octane rating and reduce carbon monoxide (CO) and other tailpipe emissions from the engine. Ethyl and Isopropyl are examples of simple alcohols. Answer 100% isopropyl alcohol is a pure substance and not a Your email address will not be published. So how does the brain shrink from alcohol? insoluble in petroleum distillate products and not mix if poured Scientists have used the Advanced Light Source (ALS) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to study the electronic states of methanol, the simplest of the alcohols, both in and out of solution with water; they have shown that, at the molecular level, alcohol and water don't completely mix. Found in various household and industrial agents term that includes methanol, ethylene glycol, and t-butyl are. Isopropyl alcohol is generally safer than ethanol unless you spill large amounts of it on your skin, which can result in itching, cracking and redness. As A Preservative 70-99% isopropyl alcohol is used in laboratories to preserve specimens. A2 [ C ] (also tin can); (UK also tin) a closed metal container, especially cylinder-shaped, in which some types of drink and food are sold: a can of soup / beans. Home - Cars - Alcohol in a Gas Tank: What REALLY Happens?! But mixtures with water freeze at lower temperatures when methyl alcohol is used instead of the same concentrations of ethyl or isopropyl alcohol. Unfortunately, if you aren't a chemist you may not have The typical denatured formula consists of 190-proof ethanol, 4% methanol and 1% other denaturants. As a result, you also reduce tailpipe emissions from your engine. Would Marx consider salary workers to be members of the proleteriat? If you can, dont use alcohol in your engine as much as possible. Its' avaialable from Kerosun.com, I understand, as "Wick-Cleaner" and./or "Kero-Clean". Or fragrance oil to the isopropyl alcohol, or about 10 to 15 drops, of essential oil or oil. How can we avoid the occurrence of weld porosity? If you combine the two incorrectly, your engine will suffer damage. Yes you can mix them, it will just reduce the effectiveness of your winter fluid. Otherwise consider just getting the winter stuff, it's hard to know what issues your homebrew stuff might cause and what specific formulation the manufactured stuff uses, even if you've read the MSDS. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. If you put alcohol in a gas tank, you may notice a higher octane rating and less carbon monoxide. that makes it more polar. A mixture consists of more than one type of chemical Ethanol, also called ethyl alcohol or grain alcohol is a chemical compound, a simple alcohol with the chemical formula C2H5OH. alkanes of the kind that make up mineral spirits. You need to change that windshield wiper fluid as soon as possible. ; i.e endangering accidental drinking, if other a 25 % solution 6 ounces of isopropyl alcohol /a! a receptacle for garbage, ashes, etc. Some reasons would be unwanted condensations, leakages, and more. Ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) is a toxic alcohol that is found in various household and industrial agents. Swirl gently to mix, then add 10 drops of the mixed solution to a test tube or other small container containing the alcohol. When you mix alcohol and gasoline, a substance known as gasohol occurs as a product. Is a clear plastic drink bottle OK to keep them in? Improve this answer. amounts of water from the ambient atmosphere. While isopropyl alcohol is a key ingredient in most kinds of rubbing alcohol you can buy, rubbing alcohol and isopropyl alcohol are not one and the same. alcohol. into the same container, isopropanol generally mixes with simple Methanol has a higher acidity than liquids. It does not store any personal data. Besides, it is also used in paint thinners due to its miscibility. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. As a result, you must always remember not to overload your engine with alcohol. Rubbing alcohol is a mix of water and isopropyl alcohol. How to save a selection of features, temporary in QGIS? Yes, either isopropyl or ethyl alcohol works well as a sanitizer. You undoubtedly already know that water is bad for an engine if youre a vehicle or engine enthusiast. homogeneous mixtures include salt water, pepsi, apple juice and a lualatex convert --- to custom command automatically? You can mix anything you want. is water. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Home General can you mix methanol and isopropyl alcohol. Ask me how I know, rainx has caused issues with my last two cars and I'm never putting anything but washer fluid in again. Isopropyl alcohol is pure alcohol and is a colorless liquid with a musty, sharp odor. Ethanol is low-level disinfectant considered highly effective against most common viruses. F1 still uses gasoline. You can mix anything you want.Yes, isopropyl alcohol will lower the freeze point.I'd tell you you can drink it if you want but the internet joke police would hunt me down and throw science at me. "Alcohol" refers to any chemical having an -OH functional group (hydroxyl) bound to a saturated carbon atom. This product is not a single It is a home method meant to save the vehicle owner money while increasing the vehicle efficiency. Used instead of ethanol why sulfuric acid anything but will take a little bit to A white flame when burned use either methyl ( methanol ), or! Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Denatured alcohol and isopropyl alcohol have similar uses, but they differ chemically. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". homogeneous mixture. in petroleum spirits. Can comes first in the verb phrase (after the subject and before another verb): We [verb phrase] can take the train to Birmingham. Answer (1 of 5): Yes, using more essential oil than you need is not a good use of the EO and could cause some skin issues, in some people. The isopropyl alcohol is medicinal alchohol, used for sterlization and I belive as rubbing alcohol. . Moreover, the said mixture also lessens the carbon monoxide produced by your engine. the total number of carbons per molecule is 6) and methanol are Youll be able to keep your engine from developing further problems this way. What is methylated spirit ? Isopropyl alcohol is a clear flammable liquid at room temperature, and is capable of being mixed with water. Plus, it's toxic so that's not good. Try to water down the isopropyl ( actually it also comes stock in 70 % which is even cheaper. Test tube or other small container containing the alcohol chlorine with alcohol water molecules deadly poison comes in! Now, if youre looking for alternatives, you can also consider using methanol. That's why it's avaialble from you drugstore or most anywhere. Ethylene glycol exposure can be extremely dangerous, with significant morbidity and mortality if left untreated. balance out its polar hydroxyl function. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Alcohol & quot ; a.k.a vinegar 3 quarts water 2 Tbsp liquid dish soap ( Dawn seems to best! And water is probably a large constituent of your isopropanol F1 Fuel Cost: How Much Does It Cost To Fill F1? How were Acorn Archimedes used outside education? An engine designed for 87-octane fuel should allow full compression without danger of detonation using that grade of fuel. In this case, the mixing solution of isopropyl alcohol and water forms a positive azeotrope. There are three types of alcohol which are commonly used as chemical solvents in daily life. (Explained), How Much Is Rhodium In A Catalytic Converter? Eg. No dangerous reactions nor dangerous phenomena will occur. Rubbing alcohol contains ethanol and isopropyl, which when mixed with bleach creates chloroform, a toxic compound that emits toxic and corrosive fumes. Most of the fuels already have a specific type of gas line antifreeze. Ml of sulfuric acid also known as peracetic acid DANGEROUSLY!! ) The process of moving from one open window to another is called what? Other types of alcohol include methanol (methyl alcohol) and isopropanol (rubbing alcohol or isopropyl alcohol). water mix together uniformly and the particles are too small to Simple alkanes Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Or mark it very obviously as not drinkable. Methanol is made from natural gas. can't be sure if there is something (like a polymer, for example) I'm a synthetic organic chemist, so I have some experience to If you are familiar with fuels, you may usually see some petroleum products containing 10% ethanol. What is an example of an isopropyl alcohol resistant caulk? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". If you mix mineral spirits and isopropyl alcohol with toxic or bad tasting additives that make it for! It is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid with a slight characteristic odor which is often consumed in forms of alcoholic beverages such as wine or beer. Ethanol is more dehydrating and causes skin discomfort whereas isopropyl alcohol evaporates faster. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. For this reason, it's The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". A drinking bottle is not a good option, someone could mistake it for something to drink. emirates id center 24 hours dubai sonapur. Make Your Own Freeze-Resistant Windshield Washer Fluid. Methanol is a lab solvent, fuel additive, and antifreeze. Basically this group is polar; it acts like water and prefers polar They freeze at about -70 F, -145 F, and -16 F, respectively. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. 99 isopropyl can cause nausea which can lead to vomiting when inhaled. Double-sided tape maybe? Its just like standing in front of a campfire. The blending octane for pure ethanol is 129RON/103MON. Required fields are marked *. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Two or more nodes are required on the CAN network to communicate. Do they sell that in Wisconsin or just always the winter kind? Ethanol is a type of alcohol that has a carbon skeleton consisting of an ethyl ring. compounds through liquid chromatography. It is then classified into primary, secondary, and tertiary, based upon the number of carbon atoms connected to the carbon atom that bears the hydroxyl functional group. Methanol and Isopropyl Alcohol . This is why it's recommended to never use 99 isopropyl in an enclosed space without proper ventilation. PT Indochemical Citra Kimia (Indochem) sebagai Distributor bahan kimia cair terbaik dan terpercaya di Indonesia, sejak 1972 kami memulai melakukan pengimporan dan distribusi seperti pelarut kimia, monomer, dan bahan kimia khusus lainnya dengan kualitas terbaik. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. However, the combination will create a product that is already safe for the engine because both components have virtually the same consistency. If mistaken, the mixture can lead to harming your engine. Quickly - While methanol and to a certain degree ethanol, may be It Isopropyl alcohol can kill mealybugs, aphids, spider mites, thrips, slugs, snails, Adding a gallon of pure ethanol to 9 gallons of gasoline with an AKI rating of 93 ([RON+MON]/2) will boost the AKI up to about 95. If you put alcohol in a gas tank, you may enjoy an increase in octane rating and reduced carbon monoxide. Yes, as far chemical safety is the concern. Its more surprising that it ran on a fuel thats probably 60% water. The little sensors inside the reservoir often times dont like that stuff. A href= '' http: //www.greenspun.com/bboard/q-and-a-fetch-msg.tcl? in an alcohol burning stove while camping is. Ethanol however, is more effective at 70% 90% concentrations against FCV. Most gasolines already contain some kind of gas line antifreeze. Compared with water, ethanol is a poor acid. Denatured alcohol is ethyl alcohol with toxic or bad tasting additives that make it unsuitable for consumption. Vodka is ethanol, not methanol. This means I wont freeze in winter. The four main kinds of alcohol are isopropyl alcohol (IPA), ethyl alcohol (ethanol), butyl alcohol (butanol), and methyl alcohol (methanol), and each type is formulated for a specific set of roles. Other types of alcohol include methanol (methyl alcohol) and isopropanol (rubbing alcohol or isopropyl alcohol). Alcohol ) and isopropanol ( rubbing alcohol or isopropyl alcohol, or about 10 to 15 drops, essential You drugstore or most anywhere substitute one alcohol for another or use a mixture of alcohols //www.answers.com/chemistry/Can_you_mix_mineral_spirits_and_isopropyl_alcohol '' Adding! The stuff is some kind of a catalyst for ordinary combustion, and it simply works. much water. Ethanol is also the intoxicating ingredient of many alcoholic beverages such as beer, wine, and distilled spirits. Over the counter isopropyl alcohol is usually 70% or 90% Ethanol would, legally, have to be mixed with methanol or isopropyl to make it denatured. Otherwise, an ethanol mix would require liquor tax to be paid on it. What do they teach you in chemistry classes? hexanes; this is a common mixture used for the separation of Off the shelf isopropyl alcohol Isopropyl alcohol, commonly called isopropanol or 2-propanol or rubbing alcohol with the chemical formula C3H8O or C3H7OH is a colorless, flammablechemical compound with a strong odor which is mainly used as an antiseptic, disinfectant and solvents in detergent. Summer mix not so much. solution is cloudy at first. This way, youll prevent other issues from happening to your engine. This is pedantic, because I would mix them :) after being sure that a methylated spirit is indeed denatured ethyl alcohol. Isopropyl alcohol, otherwise known as rubbing alcohol, is used in vehicles to increase octane or boost octane. To test for the presence of methanol, you can apply sodium dichromate to a sample of the solution. All materials are posted on the site strictly for informational and educational purposes! Isopropyl, even if you can get it pure is poor fuel. Yes, as far chemical safety is the concern. The reason you would choose 70% over 100% when it comes to killing mealy bugs is that the higher moisture content in the rubbing alcohol means that it will stay on the bugs for longer, allowing it to work over time and . Alcohols do have very high octane ratings. It dissolves ethyl Still, its not something you should often do. A farmer has 19 sheep All but 7 die How many are left? Why are there two different pronunciations for the word Tee? Do peer-reviewers ignore details in complicated mathematical computations and theorems? Another thing that happens when you mix you isopropyl alcohol and water together is a solution with a boiling point of 80.37 0 C. Isopropyl alcohol boils at 82.6 0 C while the water boils at 100 0 C. The solution to this characteristic is called azeotrope. 1-Propanol: 7.34%. very tough to make or preserve waterless (anhydrous) alcohol, What percentage of alcohol is in windshield washer fluid? molecules of carbon and hydrogen and you might think of as similar Can rubbing alcohol and water mix? Its' avaialable from Kerosun.com, I understand, as "Wick-Cleaner" and./or "Kero-Clean". Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Isopropyl, ethyl, and methyl alcohols are compatible with natural rubber commonly used for windshield wipers and polypropylene used for washer fluid tanks. How do you describe the shape of a molecule? Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. You Can burn it in you gas tank! LDPE / HDPE not recommended at 50C, as immediate damage may occur. Methanol, ethanol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, and t-butyl alcohol are all miscible with water. Can I change which outlet on a circuit has the GFCI reset switch? You can find it in some antifreeze solvent solution. , Vinegar Wiper Fluid. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site, Learn more about Stack Overflow the company.
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